دور المشارکة المجتمعية في ظل الحوکمة في صنع القرار والمساءلة دلالات من خبرات دولية

نوع المستند : بحوث باللغة العربیة

المؤلف

کلية الاقتصاد والعلوم السياسية، جامعة القاهرة، جمهورية مصر العربية

المستخلص

هناک الکثير من الجدل في الدراسات الأکاديمية حول مستتبعات التحول في أسلوب الحکم نحو الحوکمة؛ من حيث تناول علاقات الدولة بالمجتمع التي تبعد عن مرکزية أو محورية دور الدولة وإدارة شئون المجتمع من أعلى إلى أسفل. هذا التحول في الکتابات الأکاديمية کان مصحوبًا بمناهج جديدة تم تفعيلها في التجارب الدولية بحيث تضمن فيها المشارکة المجتمعية توفير الشرعية للعملية الديمقراطية وتضمن المساءلة في العمليات اليومية لصنع القرار وزيادة مستوى القبول لمخرجات تلک العمليات.
إن مشارکة المجتمع المدني (المشارکة المجتمعية) Civic Engagementتعزز من فعالية تنفيذ السياسات من خلال زيادة استعداد متلقي السياسات للتجاوب معها، مما يزيد من شرعية نظام الحکم الذي يتم الحکم عليه من خلال مخرجاته. کما تلعب المشارکة المجتمعية دورًا کبيرًا في ضمان المساءلة العامة؛ فعلى مر السنين أصبح هناک نوع من عدم الرضا، سواء عن استخدام الآليات الرسمية للدولة أو استخدام آليات السوق کأدوات لتحقيق المساءلة. ومن ثم أصبح هناک الآن نوع من الاتفاق على أن آليات المساءلة التي تعتمد على المشارکة المجتمعية في الأساس بمقدورها أن تفعل من مساءلة المسئولين العموم، وذلک من خلال قيامها بدور مکمل لآليات المساءلة الرسمية.
ومن ثم تتناول هذه الورقة البحثية ما يثيره أسلوب الحکم الرشيد "الحوکمة" من ظهور لفاعلين جدد في إدارة شئون الدولة والمجتمع. وتعد تنظيمات المجتمع المدني إحدى هذه العناصر الفاعلة التي ستسعى هذه الورقة لاستيضاح دورها في صنع السياسات وفي تفعيل المساءلة المجتمعية وفقًا لبعض التجارب الدولية.

الكلمات الرئيسية

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